Index:
1.“Earth Expansion” vs. “Plate Tectonics Theory”
2.Earth Spherical Shape
3.Earth as a Carpet
4.Earth Geology of “Beds and Mattresses”
5.Earth being Stable for Human
6.Earth being reciprocal (gravity)
7.Earth Great Trench:
8.Earth Core is the heaviest, Earthquakes before Volcanoes
9.Lowest Point of Earth
10. Reduction of Earth from its sides
--------------------------
Previously in part (3), we talked about the phases of Earth formation till it reaches the current state and what was created on Earth on each day of its first universal week.
In this post, we will talk about how it was created and the wonders of Earth Creation that were pointed by Almighty God ALLAH in his book, the Holy Quran.
1- “Earth Expansion” vs. “Plate Tectonics Theory”
Although the most known theory that Earth was developed into its current form by plates separation, but the new theory is much more amazing which says that Earth was expanded in volume, and because of such growth the plates were divided in its known shapes.
[Science]
Quoted from “Earth Expansion Theory”
Quoted from “Earth Expansion Theory”
[Decades before space vehicles showed that generally the planets of our Solar System are covered by uniform shells of surface matter, that the Earth is the exception, Hilgenberg had the insight to think that the Earth should have had in the past a complete shell of continental rock covering its surface.] [1]
Quoted from Wikipedia - “Plate Tectonics”
[One of the main points the theory proposes is that the amount of surface of the (continental and oceanic) plates that disappear in the mantle along the convergent boundaries by subduction is more or less in equilibrium with the new (oceanic) crust that is formed along the divergent margins by seafloor spreading. This is also referred to as the "conveyor belt" principle. In this way, the total surface of the Globe remains the same. This is in contrast with earlier theories advocated before the Plate Tectonics "paradigm", as it is sometimes called, became the main scientific model, theories that proposed gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the Globe, and that still exist in science as alternative models (Scalera & Lavecchia 2006) [2]
[Quran]
ALLAH says that he spread out the Earth and the verb used is [Madda]:
وهو الذي مد الارض وجعل فيها رواسي وانهارا ومن كل الثمرات جعل فيها زوجين اثنين يغشي الليل النهار ان في ذلك لايات لقوم يتفكرون [الرعد: 3]
And He it is Who spread out the earth and placed therein firm hills and flowing streams, and of all fruits He placed therein two spouses (male and female). He covereth the night with the day. Lo! herein verily are portents for people who take thought. [13:3]
والارض مددناها والقينا فيها رواسي وانبتنا فيها من كل شيء موزون [الحجر: 19]
And the earth have We spread out, and placed therein firm hills, and caused each seemly thing to grow therein. [15:19]
والارض مددناها والقينا فيها رواسي وانبتنا فيها من كل زوج بهيج [ق: 7]
And the earth have We spread out, and have flung firm hills therein, and have caused of every lovely kind to grow thereon,
And among the meanings of the verb “Madda” is to increase and extend, and when it’s used with Land, it means add sand and manure on land to fertilize soil.
المَدُّ: الجَذْب والمَطْلُ. مَدَّه يَمُدُّه مَدّاً ومدَّ به فامتَدّ ومَدَّدَه فَتَمَدَّد، وتَمَدَّدناه بيننا: مَدَدْناه. وفلان يُمادُّ فلاناً أَي يُماطِلُه ويُجاذِبه. والمادَّةُ: الزيادة المتصلة.ويقال مَدَدْت الأَرض مَدًّا إِذا زِدت فيها تراباً أَو سَماداً من غيرها ليكون أَعمر لها وأَكثر رَيْعاً لزرعها
Therefore, it’s clearly ALLAH says that he increased the substance of the Earth that expanded its volume and separated the plates from each others, and not by moving them apart as in Plate Tectonics Theory, and as mentioned in part (3), it was before having water on Earth.
The verification of this theory is exceptional evidence, in addition to Earth age, that God exists and he who created the universe and our planet, since the increase of Earth volume by such huge rate that reduced Land size from 100% to 29% only, can’t be justified by any Scientific Theory, as matter can’t be created from nil, unless it is created by God and that what really happened. For more reading refer to Expanding Earth.org [3].
2- Spherical Shape of Earth
[Science]
Quoted from Wikipedia – Earth Shape
The shape of the Earth approximates an oblate spheroid, a sphere flattened along the axis from pole to pole such that there is a bulge around the equator. This bulge results from the rotation of the Earth, and causes the diameter at the equator to be 43 km larger than the pole to pole diameter. [4]
[Quran]
In the following verse, ALLAH explains that he had formed the Earth in “Egg Ostrich” shape means sphere with wide diameter:
وَالأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ دَحَاهَا (30) أَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا مَاءَهَا وَمَرْعَاهَا (31) [النازعات]
And after that He spread (DAHA) the earth; (30) And brought forth therefrom its water and its pasture; (31) [An-Nazeaat]
The verb “Daha” is to make something in form of “Dahaya” that means one of the following: The short fat man or woman who has a round large belly or an egg of ostrich; the Arabic explanation is pasted below:
ورجل دَحْدَحٌ ودِحْدِح ودَحْداح ودَحْداحَة ودُحادِحٌ ودُحَيْدِحَة: قصير غليظ البطن؛ وقال الليث: الدَّحْداحُ والدَّحْداحَة من الرجال والنساء: المستدير المُلَمْلَم؛ وفي صفة أَبْرَهَة صاحب الفيل: كان قصيراً حادِراً دَحْداحاً: هو القصير السمين؛ والأُدْحِيُّ والإدْحِيُّ والأُدْحِيَّة والإدْحِيَّة والأُدْحُوّة: مَبِيض النعام في الرمل
The following figure shows the similarity between Earth and Ostrich shapes:
3- Earth as a Carpet
[Science]
Quoted from - Topography of the Terrestrial Surface
The following figure [classifies the Earth's terrestrial surface in to six different categories based on topography. Most of the Earth's terrestrial surface is dominated by relatively flat low and high plains. The low plains tend to be areas of sediment deposition because of their low elevation. The high plains can have elevations as high as 600 meters and are more strongly influenced by erosion.] [5]
Comparing with Moon surface:
[84 percent heavily-cratered highlands. 16 percent basalt-covered maria. Numerous impact craters - some with bright rays, crater chains, and rilles.] [6]
Comparing with Venus Surface:
[About 10 percent of the surface is highland terrain, 70 percent rolling uplands, and 20 percent lowland plains.] Ref: The New York Times Almanac 2002 By John Wright. Google books.
[Quran]
ALLAH mentions that he created the Earth of wide plains to simplify for Mankind to walk and transport over it with less difficulty, and this is shown that majority of Earth surface is wide plain.
وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الأَرْضَ بِسَاطًا 19 لِتَسْلُكُوا مِنْهَا سُبُلا فِجَاجًا 20
And Allâh has made for you the earth a wide expanse [as a carpet]. (19) That you may go about therein in broad roads. (20) [71:19-20]
وَإِلَى الأَرْضِ كَيْفَ سُطِحَتْ
And at the earth, how it is outspread? (88:20)
4- Earth Geology of “Beds and Mattresses”
It’s well known in Earth Geology that it’s formed of layers called “Beds”.Quoted From Wikipedia - Bed (geology)
[In geology a bed is the smallest division of a geologic formation or stratigraphic rock series marked by well-defined divisional planes (bedding planes) separating it from layers above and below.
Beds can be differentiated in various ways, including rock or mineral type and particle size. The term is generally applied to sedimentary strata, but may also be used for volcanic flows or ash layers. [7]
[Quran]
Allah says the following about Earth formation:
أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الأَرْضَ مِهَادًا
Have We not made the earth an expanse [Mehada, Bed], [78:6]
الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الأَرْضَ مَهْدًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ فِيهَا سُبُلاً لَّعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ
Who made the earth a resting-place [Mahdan] for you, and placed roads for you therein, that haply ye may find your way; [34:10]
الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الأَرْضَ فِرَاشاً وَالسَّمَاء بِنَاء وَأَنزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاء مَاء فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ رِزْقًا لَّكُمْ فَلاَ تَجْعَلُواْ لِلَّهِ أَندَادًا وَأَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
Who hath appointed the earth a resting-place [“Ferashan” Mattress] for you, and the sky a canopy; and causeth water to pour down from the sky, thereby producing fruits as food for you. And do not set up rivals to Allah when ye know (better). [2:22]
The word “Mahed” which is translated as resting-place in the above verses, is the same word used by the people of Mary when they described that Jesus was so young to talk in the following verse:
فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَيْهِ قَالُوا كَيْفَ نُكَلِّمُ مَن كَانَ فِي الْمَهْدِ صَبِيًّا
Then she [Mary] pointed to him [Jesus]. They said: How can we talk to one who is in the cradle [Mahed], a young boy? [20:53]
And the Arabic translation of this word is the Bed or the Cradle.
والمِهادُ: الفِراش. وقد مَهَدْتُ الفِراشَ مَهْداً: بَسَطْتُه ووَطَّأْتُه. يقال للفِراشِ: مِهاد لِوِثارَتِه.
As shown in the below figure that layer of mattresses is the same used in Earth geological layers, one over one.
But, the Quranic expression differentiates between 2 expressions the Mattresses and Beds, as saying that the one that carry what is benefit for us is the Bed and normal Earth layers are the mattresses, which also can be used to estimate Earth age, as shown in the below figure:
The following verse explains the process done by God which is laying one layer over another (mattresses) forming the magnificent paralleled layers of Earth bedding:
والارض فرشناها فنعم الماهدون (48)
And We have spread out [Farshnaha] the earth, how Excellent Spreader [Mahedoun] (thereof) are We! (51:48)
The verb “Frashnaha” in Arabic was not translated exactly in English translations (spread out), it comes from the noun “Ferasha” which means “Mattress” literally, that means laying mattresses one over another as shown in the below figure:
5- Earth being Stable for Human
It’s mentioned that God had made Earth as stable place for human living:
امن جعل الارض قرارا وجعل خلالها انهارا وجعل لها رواسي وجعل بين البحرين حاجزا االه مع الله بل اكثرهم لا يعلمون [النمل: 61]
Is not He (best) Who made the earth a fixed abode (Qarara), and placed rivers in the folds thereof, and placed firm hills therein, and hath set a barrier between the two seas? Is there any Allah beside Allah? Nay, but most of them know not! [27-61]
And the word used here is “Qarara”: means being stable and rest in its place, and such information will not be new for any reader, but there is an indication to other planets.
Let’s see if they are stable like Earth or not, such as:
The gravity on Pluto is so weak and equal to 0.06 of Earth’s gravity, that a man, who can jump 3 feet on Earth, will jump 18 m up in the air on Pluto. Imagine how life will be there, if everyone wants to walk, run, jump or throw something there, then he will never catch it again, or if 2 cars hit each other by accident, both will fly into the near buildings !!
The Storms of Saturn speed can reach 1800 KM/ hour, knowing that Hurricane Katrina was 280 Km/ hour only and did all such destruction, so imagine what a 1800 KM/ hour storm can do, not only that, but the storm can be of Earth size and it may stay for complete 2 years long !! [8]
Then now we understand what the meaning of Earth being stable for us, by God mercy.
6- Earth being reciprocal (gravity)
Allah says in the Quran:
الم نجعل الارض كفاتا (77) أحياءً وامواتاً (78) [المرسلات]
Have We not made the earth a receptacle [kefata] (77), Of the living and the dead? (78) [77-25]
And the word Kefata, means literally to hug or to join:
كفت (الصّحّاح في اللغة(كفتُّ الشيء أَكْفِتُهُ كَفْتاً، إذا ضممتَه إلى نفسك
But old scholars interpreted these verses that Earth hugs the living humans on its back or inside it when they die, but after Sir Isaac Newton had discovered the gravity, then real explanation can be known which means that Earth is holding by its gravity everything on it, whether living or dead (e.g. human, animal or thing).
7- Earth Great Trench:
We know about the Great Trench beneath Ocean surface that circles the whole land all over the Earth as shown below:
It’s also mentioned in Quran in the following verse:
والارض ذات الصدع [الطارق:12]
And by the Earth of the Rift (Crack, trench). [86:12]
In old English translation, they wrote it as “Earth which splits” but they missed the real meaning which indicates the main trench all over Oceans floor, which also one of Quran miracles.
8- Earth Core is the heaviest, Earthquakes before Volcanoes
Quoted from Wikipedia “Structure of the Earth”
[The solid inner core was discovered in 1936 by Inge Lehmann and is generally believed to be composed primarily of iron and some nickel. In early stages of Earth's formation about 4.5 billion (4.5×109) years ago, melting would have caused denser substances to sink toward the center in a process called planetary differentiation (see also the iron catastrophe), while less-dense materials would have migrated to the crust.] [9]
It’s clear from above explanation and from the Chart, that the denser material are in the core of the Earth, which means it is the heavier part of the Earth and not what above it, such as Mountains.
This fact is also mentioned in Quran, where it’s mentioned that on the Last day, the Earth will be shaken by its final Earthquake, and it will sort out its Load (the heaviest).
اذا زلزلت الارض زلزالها (1) واخرجت الارض اثقالها (2) [الزلزلة]
When Earth is shaken with her (final) earthquake (1) And when the earth throws out its burdens (2) [99:1-2]
The word which translated as “its burden” is “Athqalaha”, which means literally “its heavy load”, and this means that Earth Core is the heaviest part of the Earth.
Also in these verses, it shows that Earthquakes come before Volcanoes when Earth starts sorting out substances from its inside.
9- Lowest Point of Earth
[Science]
The Lowest Point on Earth: is the Dead Sea shore, −422 m (−1,385 ft), Palestine – Jordan
[The Dead Sea is a salt lake bordering Jordan to the east and Israel and the West Bank to the west. Its surface and shores are 423 metres (1,388 ft) below sea level, the lowest elevation on the Earth's surface on dry land. The Dead Sea is 377 m (1,237 ft) deep, the deepest hypersaline lake in the world.] [10]
[History]
Quoted from: Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors
1- The Romans were terribly defeated by the Persians near Jerusalem on 614 AD:
[In the east, meanwhile, the Persians under the rule of Chosroes had begun a series of successful attacks on the empire resulting in the loss of Damascus in 613, Jerusalem in 614 (destroying the Church of the Holy Sepulcher and capturing the Holy Cross) and Egypt in 619. Recognizing the difficulty in fighting on two opposing fronts at the same time, Heraclius signed a peace treaty with the Avars in 619, and focused on the eastern half of the empire.]
2- Romans won and defeat the Persian in 627 AD:
[In the autumn of 627, Heraclius began to work his way into Persian territory winning an important battle in December at Nineveh during which most of the Persian army was destroyed] [11]
From the following figures, we can see the lowest area in Red around the Dead Sea, and we can see the location of the battle of 614 AD, where the Romans were defeated and the location of the battle that they won again on 627 AD.
But, the idea behind referring the lowest area on Earth and Romans battles is what mentioned in the following verses from Quran, in the Chapter of the Roman (Al-Room) which say:
الم 1 غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ 2 فِي أَدْنَى الأَرْضِ وَهُم مِّن بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ 3 فِي بِضْعِ سِنِينَ لِلَّهِ الأَمْرُ مِن قَبْلُ وَمِن بَعْدُ وَيَوْمَئِذٍ يَفْرَحُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ 4 بِنَصْرِ اللَّهِ يَنصُرُ مَن يَشَاء وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ 5 وَعْدَ اللَّهِ لا يُخْلِفُ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لا يَعْلَمُونَ 6
The Romans have been defeated (2) In the nearer [Adna] land, and they, after their defeat will be victorious (3) In a few years - Allah's is the command in the former case and in the latter - and in that day believers will rejoice (4) In Allah's help to victory. He helpeth to victory whom He will. He is the Mighty, the Merciful. (5) It is a promise of Allah. Allah faileth not His promise, but most of mankind know not. (6) [Ar-room]
ويقال: دَنا وأَدْنى ودَنَّى إِذا قَرُبَ، قال: وأَدْنى إِذا عاشَ عَيْشاً ضَيِّقاً بعد سَعَةٍ والأَدْنى السَّفِلُ
These verses talk about the defeat of Romans on [Adana] which means as per the Arabic explanation, the lowest which also means the nearest, but as we know now that Area which the Roman were defeated is near the Dead Sea, then the lowest is the correct explanation, and Quran has indicated this fact before 15 centuries.
10- Reduction of Earth from its sides
Quoted from Wikipedia – Plate Tectonics
[The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents over time, including occasional formation of a supercontinent that contains most or all of the continents.] [12]
The following figure shows the moving powers on each plate from both directions, and the below photos calculate the power and their directions too:
[Quran]
Allah clearly says that land sides are decreasing and this because of plates’ forces as shown above:
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا نَأْتِي الأَرْضَ نَنقُصُهَا مِنْ أَطْرَافِهَا وَاللَّهُ يَحْكُمُ لاَ مُعَقِّبَ لِحُكْمِهِ وَهُوَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ
See they not how we aim to the land, reducing it of its outlying parts? (When) Allah doometh there is none that can postpone His doom, and He is swift at reckoning.[13:41]
بَلْ مَتَّعْنَا هَؤُلاء وَآبَاءَهُمْ حَتَّى طَالَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعُمُرُ أَفَلا يَرَوْنَ أَنَّا نَأْتِي الأَرْضَ نَنقُصُهَا مِنْ أَطْرَافِهَا أَفَهُمُ الْغَالِبُونَ
Nay, but We gave these and their fathers ease until life grew long for them. See they not how we aim to the land, reducing it of its outlying parts? Can they then be the victors? [21:44]
Finally,
Lo! This verily is the true narrative. There is no God save Allah, and Allah, He verily is the Mighty, the Wise. [3:62]
Thanks to ALLAH, Lord of the Worlds
References:
[1] Understanding Earth, A Questioning Look at Earth Expansion Theory, http://understandearth.com/Earth%20Expansion%201.htm
[3] Expanding Earth.org, Accreation---A New Theory Of Planetary Creation, http://www.expanding-earth.org/page_1.htm
[4] Wikipedia, Earth, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth
[5] PhysicalGeography.net, Physiography of the Earth's Terrestrial Surface, http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10o.html
[6] Space grant, Moon ABCs Facts Sheet, http://www.spacegrant.hawaii.edu/class_acts/MoonFacts.html
[7] Wikipedia, Bed (geology), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_%28geology%29
[8] University Today, Storms on Saturn,http://www.universetoday.com/15379/storms-on-saturn/
[9] Wikipedia, Structure of the Earth, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_of_the_Earth
[10] Wikipedia, Dead Sea, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Sea
[11] Roman Emperors.org, Heraclius (October 5, 610 – February 641 AD), http://www.roman-emperors.org/heraclis.htm#
[12] Wikipedia, Plate Tectonics, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics
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