A Debate with an Atheist: The Story of Creation (7) – Oil, Minerals & Stones signs in the Holy Quran ….

Index:

1- The Oil

2- Oil’s Locations

3- Iron Strength and Use

4- Iron Atomic Weight & Atomic Number

5- Asteroids Drilling (iron)

6- Bronze Alloy

7- Colors of Earth Products

8- Stones Solidness

9- The Iron Age

---------------------------------

1- The Oil:

Quoted from Wikipedia: Combustion

Combustion or burning is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can result in the production of light in the form of either glowing or a flame. Fuels of interest often include organic compounds (especially hydrocarbons) in the gas, liquid or solid phase.

In a complete combustion reaction, a compound reacts with an oxidizing element, such as oxygen or fluorine, and the products are compounds of each element in the fuel with the oxidizing element. For example:

CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O + energy

CH2S + 6 F2 → CF4 + 2 HF + SF6 [1]

Quoted from Wikipedia - Wood fuel:

As with any fire, burning wood fuel creates numerous by-products, some of which may be useful (heat and steam), and others that are undesirable, irritating or dangerous.

One by-product of wood burning is wood ash, which in moderate amounts is a fertilizer (mainly potash), contributing minerals, but is strongly alkaline as it contains potassium hydroxide (lye). Wood ash can also be used to manufacture soap.

Smoke, containing water vapor, carbon dioxide and other chemicals and aerosol particulates, can be an irritating (and potentially dangerous) by-product of partially burnt wood fuel. [2]

[Quran]

We mentioned before in part (3) that Oil was mentioned in Quran and Bible as “Tree” with coding it with “Fueling” word as in the following verses:

الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ الشَّجَرِ الْأَخْضَرِ نَارًا فَإِذَا أَنتُم مِّنْهُ تُوقِدُونَ

"The same Who produces for you fire out of the green tree, when behold! Ye kindle therewith (Fueling)! (80) [Yaseen]

It’s also mentioned again in the following verse in chapter Al-Waqeah:

أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ النَّارَ الَّتِي تُورُون (71) أَأَنتُمْ أَنشَأْتُمْ شَجَرَتَهَا أَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنشِؤُون (72) نَحْنُ جَعَلْنَاهَا تَذْكِرَةً وَمَتَاعًا لِّلْمُقْوِينَ (73) [الواقعة]

Then tell Me about the fire which you kindle. (71) Is it you who made the tree thereof to grow, or are We the Grower? (72) We have made it a Reminder (of the Hell-fire, in the Hereafter); and an article of use for the travelers “Meqweyn” (and all the others, in this world). (73)

The verses are talking about fire created from “Tree” that it will be fuel and as provision for travelers:

نحن جعلناها تذكرة } لنار جهنم { ومتاعا } بُلْغَة { للمقوين } للمسافرين من أقوى القوم: أي صاروا بالقوى بالقصر والمد أي القفر وهو مفازة لا نبات فيها ولا ماء .وقال الفراء في قوله عز وجل: نحن جَعَلْناها تَذْكِرة ومتاعاً للمُقْوِين، يقول: نحن جعلنا النار تذكرة لجهنم ومتاعاً للمُقْوِين، يقول: منفعةً للمُسافرين إِذا نزلوا بالأَرض القِيّ وهي القفر.

Those who are called “Meqweyn” means traveling and passing in an empty land with no water or no grass. But, what is the meaning of this?

If the fire is meant by fire sticks, Arabs didn’t use such fire for their travels especially in deserts where Sun is shining during day time and at night they’ll travel on moon’s light or stars’ light, but some of Muslim Scholars explained it as the oil taking from some trees that can be used to make fire.

The verses number 62 – 67 are talking about “seeds” and what we grow for living, then verses from 68 – 70 are talking about “water”, then 71 – 73 are talking about the Fire from the tree, means different from what mentioned in first verses and planting trees and getting seeds.

Therefore, the “trees” that are mentioned in Quran that creates fire has:

The same process of Combustion of Oil: Fuel + Fire = Energy (fueling)
Is used as provision for travelers in Dry lands, similarly to Oil which is used for fueling cars, ships, and airplanes, means used to fuel without need for food or water
It’s a different type of energy doesn’t not depend on human or animals.
Also, the chemical of wood and fuel burning giving the same outputs (CO2, H2O, energy).

All this lead us that trees which is sign for Human means “The Oil”, and it’s created by Almighty God (as mentioned in part 3).

2- Oil’s Locations

Does Oil existence is a sign too? Let’s check the following maps:

The following images show the locations of Oil, its volumes, its reserves, and how much was consumed till now:

It’s shown above that Muslim countries in Arabian Gulf, Nigeria and Libya regions have:

The biggest quantities of Oil reserves ever known all over the Earth (>80%).
The amounts produced are the largest, and reach millions of barrels every day.
The most purist and best type of oil (not being mixed with sand like in North American Oil)
The cost of production and transport to oil tanks is the most cheapest ever than any other regions (comparing with North Sea).
Although with all quantities produced from Oil and Gas since early decades of last 20^th centenary, still they represent less than 1% of what is still available and un-exported or undiscovered yet.

God has promised the believers that they will be nourished from above them and from beneath their feet, and nothing can be gotten from under ones feet (Land) except “Oil & Minerals”:

ولو انهم اقاموا التوراة والانجيل وما انزل اليهم من ربهم لاكلوا من فوقهم ومن تحت ارجلهم منهم امة مقتصدة وكثير منهم ساء ما يعملون [5:66]

If they had observed the Torah and the Gospel and that which was revealed unto them from their Lord (i.e. Holy Quran), they would surely have been nourished from above them and from beneath their feet. Among them there are people who are moderate, but many of them are of evil conduct. [5:66]

The following map shows how the Oil is concentrated in Muslim countries in mid Asia region:

3- Iron Strength and Use:

[Science]

Quoted from Wikipedia – Iron:

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe (Latin: ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element in the whole planet Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core, and it is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust. It is produced in abundance as a result of fusion in high-mass stars, where the production of nickel-56 (which decays to iron) is the last nuclear fusion reaction that is exothermic, becoming the last element to be produced before collapse of a supernova leads to events that scatter the precursor radionuclides of iron into space.

Iron had a distinct advantage over bronze in warfare implements. It was much harder and more durable than bronze, although susceptible to rust. However, this is contested. Hittitologist Trevor Bryce argues that before advanced iron-working techniques were developed in Europe and India, cast-iron weapons used by early Mesopotamian armies had a tendency to shatter in combat, due to their high carbon content. [3]

[Quran]

From above quotation, and as we know that Iron is among the most important elements on Earth, used in making tools and instruments needed for humans life, also it used anciently in war tools, and till now in building tanks, airplanes, ships, bombs, rockets, etc…

Knowing that Iron was created in high-mass stars, then it descends on Earth and formed around 5% of Earth crust.

All these features are included in the following verse in Quran in chapter called “Al-Hadid” which means: “The Iron”.

Allah says:

لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَنزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ وَأَنزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُ وَرُسُلَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ

We sent aforetime our messengers with Clear Signs and sent down with them the Book and the Balance (of Right and Wrong), that men may stand forth in justice; and We sent down Iron, in which is (material for) mighty war, as well as many benefits for mankind, that Allah may test who it is that will help unseen, Him and His messengers; for Allah is Full of Strength exalted in Might (And able to enforce His will). (25) [Hadid 57:25]

It’s clearly says that ALLAH descended the Iron to Earth, and make it for human benefit so to use it in building power and strength.

4- Iron Atomic Weight & Atomic Number

[Science]

Quoted from Wikipedia – Iron Isotopes

Naturally occurring iron (Fe) consists of four isotopes: 5.845% of 54Fe (possibly radioactive with a half-life over 3.1×1022 years), 91.754% of 56Fe, 2.119% of 57Fe and 0.282% of 58Fe. All other isotopes are radiocative. 60Fe is an extinct radionuclide of long half-life (2.6 million years).

The isotope 57Fe is widely used in Mössbauer spectroscopy due to the low natural variation in energy of the 14.4keV nuclear transition. [4]

[Quran]

In the above, it shows that Iron has 4 stable Isotopes which are 54, 56, 57 & 58, but 57 has more distinguished features that can make it very useful in technology uses, and it’s the only one that has nuclear spin equal to 1/2. So, it’s the most distinguishable stable isotopes of Iron.

The above verse that mentioned the descending of Iron is in Chapter called “Iron”, which has the number 57 in Quran chapters order, and the verse order is 25 + 1 (The Basmala) = 26.

By Allah’s wisdom, it’s the perfect choice to have chapter number of Iron, since there are only 4 stable Isotopes 54,56,57,58, and the only one that can be differentiated by special feature (spin) is of Atomic Weight: 57, which is the number of Iron Chapter in Quran.

And the verses order equals the Atomic number of 57Fe = 26.

Note that, Basmala which is: “In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful” is counted in Quran in Chapter 1 – AlFateha (The Opener) only, but if we want to read one chapter alone we must start with Basmala too.

5- Asteroids Drilling (iron)

[Science]

Quoted from Wikipedia – Iron:

About 1 in 20 meteorites consist of the unique iron-nickel minerals taenite (35–80% iron) and kamacite (90–95% iron). Although rare, iron meteorites are the main form of natural metallic iron on the Earth's surface. It was proven by Mössbauer spectroscopy that the red color of the surface of Mars is derived from an iron oxide-rich regolith. [5]

[Quran]

ALLAH says about the Jinn who try to listen to the Angels of first Heaven (Universe):

الا من خطف الخطفة فاتبعه شهاب ثاقب (الصافات: 10)

Except such as snatch away something by stealing and they are pursued by a piercing Meteor. (37:10)

The verse describes the Meteor is piercing, which means that it must be formed of Iron, as the most piercing elements are Iron or Diamond.

6- Bronze Alloy

[Science]

Quoted from Wikipedia – Alloy:

[Copper was the hardest of these metals, and the most widely distributed. It became one of the most important metals to the ancients. Eventually, humans learned to smelt metals such as copper and tin from ore, and, around 2500 BC, began alloying the two metals to form bronze, which is much harder than its ingredients.] [6]

[Quran]

The following story of “Zul-Karnayn” in Chapter 18 in holy Quran, explains how he created a harder combination by burning “stones of Iron” Ores then pouring over them a molten copper and this is the correct process to form the “Bronze”, knowing that this technique was never exist in Arabia and very far from Arabs ancient business.

اتوني زبر الحديد حتى اذا ساوى بين الصدفين قال انفخوا حتى اذا جعله نارا قال اتوني افرغ عليه قطرا

"Give me pieces (blocks) of iron," then, when he had filled up the gap between the two mountain-cliffs, he said: "Blow," then when he had made them (red as) fire, he said: "Bring me molten copper to pour over them." (96) So they (Gog and Magog) could not to scale it or dig through it. (97) [Kahaf]

7- Colors of Earth Products:

In the following verse, ALLAH describes how he created in Earth everything for us of all colors:

وما ذرا لكم في الارض مختلفا الوانه ان في ذلك لاية لقوم يذكرون

And whatsoever He has created for you on the earth of varying colours. Verily! In this is a sign for people who remember. (16:13)

Which apply to all the following:

Stones
Minerals
Herbals
Spices
Fruits
Vegetables
Flowers

Which is shown in the next image in the same order:\

8- Stones Solidness

[Science]

Quoted from Wikipedia – List of Rock Formation:

A rock structure can be created in any rock type or combination:

Sedimentary rocks are created by a variety of processes but usually involving deposition, grain by grain, layer by layer, in water or, in the case of terrestrial sediments, on land through the action of wind or sometimes moving ice. Erosion later exposes them in their current form. An example is Bryce Canyon National Park in Utah.

Metamorphic rocks are created by rocks that have been transformed into another kind of rock, usually by some combination of heat, pressure and chemical alteration. An example are the Seneca Rocks in West Virginia.

Igneous rocks are created when molten rock cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization. They may be either plutonic bodies or volcanic extrusives. Again, erosive forces sculpt their current forms. An example is Half Dome in Yosemite National Park. [7]

[Quran]

Miraculously, ALLAH mentions 3 types of stones (rocks) in the Quran too, as in the following verse:

ثم قست قلوبكم من بعد ذلك فهي كالحجارة او اشد قسوة وان من الحجارة لما يتفجر منه الانهار وان منها لما يشقق فيخرج منه الماء وان منها لما يهبط من خشية الله وما الله بغافل عما تعملون (2:74)

Then, after that, your hearts were hardened and became as stones or even worse in hardness. And indeed, there are stones out of which rivers gush forth, And indeed, there are of them (stones) which split asunder so that water flows from them, And indeed, there are of them (stones) which fall down for fear of Allâh.

And Allâh is not unaware of what you do. (2:74)

The 3 types mentioned in Quran are:

1. Very soft Stones that water can explode through it to form rivers, which is Metamorphic.

2. Stones which are harder but water can split and drops through it, which is Sedimentary.

3. Stones which are much harder but descend from above, obviously means produced by volcanic extrusive, which is Igneous.

9- The Iron Age

[Science]

Quoted from Wikipedia - King David

David was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible and, according to the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, an ancestor of Jesus Christ. He is depicted as a righteous king, although not without fault, as well as an acclaimed warrior, musician and poet, traditionally credited for composing many of the psalms contained in the Book of Psalms.

Edwin Thiele dates his life to c. 1040–970 BC, his reign over Judah c. 1010–1003 BC, and his reign over the united Kingdom of Israel c. 1003–970 BC.] [9]

Quoted from Wikipedia - List of Archaeological periods.

Asia: Iron Age (1200 BC – 586 BC)

Europe: Roman Iron Age (c. AD 1 – 400) [10]

Quoted from Wikipedia - Mail (armour)

Mail or chain mail is a type of armour consisting of small metal rings linked together in a pattern to form a mesh. The use of mail was prominent throughout the Dark Ages, High Middle Ages and Renaissance, and reached its apex in Europe, in terms of coverage, during the 13th century, when mail covered the whole body. The earliest finds of mail are from the 3rd century BC from Horný Jatov, Slovakia, and a Celtic chieftain's burial located in Ciumeşti, Romania. It is believed that the Roman Republic first came into contact with mail fighting the Gauls in Cisalpine Gaul, now Northern Italy. The Roman army adopted the technology for their troops in the form of the lorica hamata which was used as a primary form of armour through the Imperial period. [11]

[Quran]

From above details, it shows that Iron Age had started in Asia around 1000 BC, the time when king David was ruling Palestine, and it also shows that Roman age was late around 1000 years more and they adopted the chained mail later on for their army, although it’s not clearly known who invented it.

The Quran reveals and describes that Iron age was during King David times around 1000 BC, which matches perfectly the Iron Age starting time mentioned above, and that ALLAH had given him a miracle of softening the iron in his hands, and that his people during his time and his son’s times “King Solomon” were able to make the great basins and (cooking) cauldrons fixed in their places) that can feed 10,000 soldiers at a time.

وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ مِنَّا فَضْلا يَا جِبَالُ أَوِّبِي مَعَهُ وَالطَّيْرَ وَأَلَنَّا لَهُ الْحَدِيدَ (10) أَنِ اعْمَلْ سَابِغَاتٍ وَقَدِّرْ فِي السَّرْدِ وَاعْمَلُوا صَالِحًا إِنِّي بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (11) وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَن يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ وَمَن يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ (12) يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ مَا يَشَاء مِن مَّحَارِيبَ وَتَمَاثِيلَ وَجِفَانٍ كَالْجَوَابِ وَقُدُورٍ رَّاسِيَاتٍ اعْمَلُوا آلَ دَاوُودَ شُكْرًا وَقَلِيلٌ مِّنْ عِبَادِيَ الشَّكُورُ (13)

And indeed We bestowed grace on Dawud (David) from Us (saying): "O you mountains. Glorify (Allâh) with him! And you birds (also)! And We made the iron soft for him." (10)

Saying: "Make you perfect coats of mail, and balance well the rings of chain armour, and work you (men) righteousness. Truly, I am All¬Seer of what you do." (11)

And to Solomon (We subjected) the wind, its morning (stride from sunrise till midnoon) was a month's (journey), and its afternoon (stride from the midday decline of the sun to sunset) was a month's (journey i.e. in one day he could travel two months' journey). And We caused a fount of (molten) brass to flow for him, and there were jinn that worked in front of him, by the Leave of his Lord, And whosoever of them turned aside from Our Command, We shall cause him to taste of the torment of the blazing Fire. (12)

They worked for him as he desired, (making) high rooms, images, basins as large as reservoirs, and (cooking) cauldrons fixed (in their places). "Work you, O family of Dâwud (David), with thanks!" But few of My slaves are grateful. (13)

Thanks to ALLAH, Lord of the Worlds

References:

[1] Wikipedia, Combustion, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion

[2] Wikipedia, Wood Fuel, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_fuel

[3] Wikipedia, Iron, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron

[4] Wikipedia, Iron Isotopes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_isotopes

[5] Wikipedia, Iron, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron

[6] Wikipedia, Alloy, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy

[7] Wikipedia, Rock Formation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_formation

[8] The Sculpture Studio, Types of Stones for Carving, http://www.thesculpturestudio.com/types_of_stone_for_carving.html

[9] Wikipedia, King David, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_david

[10] Wikipedia, List of Archaeological Periods, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods