Index:
1- Plants Evolution
2- Green Algae, The Ancestor of all Plants
3- Plants Kingdom
4- Land Vibration and Swell before Planting
5- Seed-grain and Fruit Stone Splitting
6- Fruits Pair
7- Fruit Flowering
8- Plants Germination
9- Olive Oil
10- The Palms Kinds
11- Wheat Grain
12- Wine Damage (Cirrhosis)
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1- Plants Evolution
[Science]
Evolution of Plants: The chloroplasts of green plants are surrounded by two membranes, supporting the theory of an endosymbiotic, cyanobacteria common ancestor. Embryophytes descended from green algae during the Palaeozoic era, and are also called the land plants (though some live in water) and include all the trees, flowers, ferns, mosses with which we are all familiar. All are complex multicellular organisms with specialized reproductive organs and, with rare exception, use photosynthesis for their energy.
For some 1.5 billion years, photosynthetic organisms remained in the sea, protected from ultraviolent radiation. The earliest photosynthetic organisms to invade land probably resembled modern algae, cyanobacteria, and lichens, and were followed by the bryophyte, including liverworts & mosses that descended from the charophyte group of green algae. [1]
[Quran]
As explained in part 3, in Universe creation, that on 4th day, God planned the sustenance for Earth dwellers and then he rose to the universe while it was still smoke and created the 7 heavens, ALLAH says:
وجعل فيها رواسي من فوقها وبارك فيها وقدر فيها اقواتها في اربعة ايام سواء للسائلين
He placed therein (i.e. the earth) firm mountains from above it, and He blessed it, and measured (Kaddar) therein its sustenance (for its dwellers) in four Days equal, for all those who ask (about its creation). (41:10)
Using the “Kaddar” and blessed the sustenance of Earth dwellers, which covers Earth plants and its animals, since they were planned means they were not in their final form, but planned to be in their final form and this covers plants and animal evolution, as shown in the below figure.
Another indication to plants evolution is the following verse:
وما ذرا لكم في الارض مختلفا الوانه ان في ذلك لاية لقوم يذكرون
And whatsoever He has created (Zara’a) for you on the earth of varying colours [and qualities from vegetation and fruits (botanical life) and from animals (zoological life)]. Verily! In this is a sign for people who remember. (16:13)
The word used as “Created” is “Zara’a” which has the meaning of throwing the seeds onto land:
والزَّرْعُ أَوّلُ ما تَزْرَعُه يسمى الذَّرِيءَ. وذَرَأْنا الارض: بَذَرْناها. وزَرْعٌ ذَرِيءٌ، على فَعِيل. وأُنشد لعُبَيْداللّهِ بن عبداللّهِ بن عُتْبَة بن مَسْعُود: شَقَقْتَ القَلبَ ثم ذَرَأْتَ فيه هَواكَ
And as we know the plants has completely a different form than its seed, and as it’s evolved from a seed shape to a complete plant or tree shape with different fruits. Quran used this word in this verse with the word “Kaddar” means planning the food in Earth, both gives indications that Earth’s plants were like seeds in the beginning, a very simple form of multi-cellular organisms that were evolved to a complete complex kingdom of plants.
2- Green Algae, The Ancestor of all Plants
[Science]
After evolving from primitive green algae, plants probably began their terrestrial invasion some 450 million years ago during the late Ordovician, with a first major evolutionary task being desiccation resistance. Vascular structures emerged to transport water and nutrients to tissue that was above the water. Symbiotic relationships with fungi emerged to assist in the uptake of nutrients from moist soil, as opposed to flooded soil. Later success was fostered by the evolution of means for gamete and progeny dispersal in flowers and seeds among some, but not all, plant lineages. [1] The Evolution of plants is shown in the following figure:
What does rain water contains?
It contains: pollutants, soil, plant parts, insect parts, bacteria, algae- Plants love Algae, that’s why your pool is so green after it rains. [2]
[Quran]
As summary to what mentioned above, that Plants originally evolved from Algae that mixed with fungi, so to be able to propagate on land and become more advanced kind of plants.
These facts are mentioned in the below 2 verses:
وهو الذي انزل من السماء ماء فاخرجنا به نبات كل شيء فاخرجنا منه خضرا نخرج منه حبا متراكبا ومن النخل من طلعها قنوان دانية وجنات من اعناب والزيتون والرمان مشتبها وغير متشابه انظروا الى ثمره اذا اثمر وينعه ان في ذلكم لايات لقوم يؤمنون
It is He Who sends down water (rain) from the sky, and with it We bring forth vegetation, and out of it We bring forth green
انما مثل الحياة الدنيا كماء انزلناه من السماء فاختلط به نبات الارض مما ياكل الناس والانعام حتى اذا اخذت الارض زخرفها وازينت وظن اهلها انهم قادرون عليها اتاها امرنا ليلا او نهارا فجعلناها حصيدا كان لم تغن بالامس كذلك نفصل الايات لقوم يتفكرون
Verily, the likeness of (this) worldly life is as the water (rain) which We send down from the sky, so by it arises the intermingled produce of the earth of which men and cattle eat until when the earth is clad in its adornments and is beautified, and its people think that they have all the powers of disposal over it, Our Command reaches it by night or by day and We make it like a clean-mown harvest, as if it had not flourished yesterday! Thus do We explain the Ayât (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, laws, etc.) in detail for the people who reflect. (10:24)
In the 1st verse, the source of all plants came from rain water that carries the Algae, which produced the Green “Khaderan” means the green Algae, then in next verse it mentions that it was mixed by Land product that is “fungi”, and this explains the process of plants evolution on dry Land.
3- Plants Kingdom
[Science]
There are many charts for plants kingdom and types, but the following are the most common [3]:
[Quran]
1- The Holy Quran mentions many example of plant kingdom division in many verses, as in the following:
وهو الذي انشا جنات معروشات وغير معروشات والنخل والزرع مختلفا اكله والزيتون والرمان متشابها وغير متشابه كلوا من ثمره اذا اثمر واتوا حقه يوم حصاده ولا تسرفوا انه لا يحب المسرفين
And it is He Who produces gardens trellised and untrellised, and date¬palms, and crops of different shape and taste (their fruits and their seeds) and olives, and pomegranates, similar (in kind) and different (in taste). Eat of their fruit when they ripen, but pay the due thereof (its Zakât, according to Allâh's Orders 1/10th or 1/20th) on the day of its harvest, and waste not by extravagance. Verily, He likes not Al-Musrifûn (those who waste by extravagance), (6:141)
The verse divided between the gardens that are “Ma’aroushat” and non “Ma’aroushat”, this word means that can make “Areysh” which means as below “the shadow or ceiling”,
والعَرْشُ والعَرِيش: ما يُستَظلُّ به. ويقال: اعْتَرَشَ العِنَبُ العَريشَ اعْتِراشاً إِذا عَلاه على العِراش. وعرَشَ يعْرِشُ ويعرُش عَرْشاً أَي بَنى بِناءً من خشبٍ.
This means that part of gardens can erect and make shadow and some can’t, and this is the first division of Plants kingdom between vascular plants and non-vascular plants.
2- The second verse has more details about the plants division and it includes all the following:
أَنَّا صَبَبْنَا الْمَاء صَبًّا (25) ثُمَّ شَقَقْنَا الأَرْضَ شَقًّا (26) فَأَنبَتْنَا فِيهَا حَبًّا (27) وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا (28) وَزَيْتُونًا وَنَخْلا (29) وَحَدَائِقَ غُلْبًا (30) وَفَاكِهَةً وَأَبًّا (31)
(24) We pour forth water in abundance, (25) And We split the earth in clefts, (26) And We cause therein the grain to grow, (27) And grapes and clover plants (i.e. green fodder for the cattle), (28) And olives and date-palms, (29) And gardens, dense with many trees, (30) And fruits and herbage. [80:24-31]
The verse mentions all the following kind of plants:
- The grain, which is vascular and seeding plant, and used for human food.
- Clover plants, the green vascular used for animal food, mainly cattle.
- Dense gardens, trees that don’t generate fruit or vegetables for human use, but appear in forest and jungles.
- Mentioning fruits, grapes, Olive, and palms as the other kind of trees which generate fruits for humans use.
- Herbage: green plants with no seeds or food for human use, such as grass.
3- The 3rd verse, mentions the following:
وهو الذي انزل من السماء ماء فاخرجنا به نبات كل شيء فاخرجنا منه خضرا نخرج منه حبا متراكبا ومن النخل من طلعها قنوان دانية وجنات من اعناب والزيتون والرمان مشتبها وغير متشابه انظروا الى ثمره اذا اثمر وينعه ان في ذلكم لايات لقوم يؤمنون
It is He Who sends down water (rain) from the sky, and with it We bring forth vegetation, and out of it We bring forth green
By stating these kinds of fruits: Dates, Olives, Grapes, and Pomegranates, it differentiates between 4 main kinds of fruits which are:
- Single Fruit with one seed (or fruit stone) like Olive, and all similar fruits.
- Single Fruit with multiple seeds like pomegranates.
- Multiple Fruit with single seed (fruit stone) like dates.
- Multiple Fruit with multiple seeds like grapes.
And this covers most of Fruits types (if not all).
4- Land Vibration and Swell before Planting
[Science]
When seeds start to grow, the land is swelled as shown in the next video:
Time Lapse Watercress Seed Germination.
[Quran]
It’s mentioned in Quran about the plantation of Earth:
..وترى الارض هامدة فاذا انزلنا عليها الماء اهتزت وربت وانبتت من كل زوج بهيج
..And you see the earth barren, but when We send down water (rain) on it, it is stirred (to life), it swells and puts forth every lovely kind (of growth). (22:5)
The swelling of land due to the new plants can’t be seen by naked eyes, because it’s a very slow process, and of course it’s impossible to be noticed by normal human, but ALLAH knows everything.
5- Seed-grain and Fruit Stone Splitting
[Quran]
ALLAH says in the Quran:
ان الله فالق الحب والنوى يخرج الحي من الميت ومخرج الميت من الحي ذلكم الله فانى تؤفكون
Verily! It is Allâh Who causes the seed-grain and the fruit-stone (like date-stone) to split and sprout. He brings forth the living from the dead, and it is He Who brings forth the dead from the living. Such is Allâh, then how are you deluded away from the truth? (6:95)
This process is seen in the following time lapse for bean seed and pine stone, where both were split as mentioned in Quran, of course such observation is not known before as it’s done inside soil and needs a close monitoring, But ALLAH knows and he is the one that is causing them to split by his command:
Time Lapse Mung Bean Germination #2
Stone pine timelapse
6- Fruits Pair
[Science]
Quoted from - Vascular Plants: Flowering - Angiosperms
Reproduction:
Male Sex Organ: The male sex organ in a flower is the stamen. Each stamen consists of a slender filament with an anther at the tip. The anthers, following meiosis, produce pollen grains.
Female Sex Organs: The female sex organs in a flower is the pistil or the carpel. Pistil consists of an ovary enclosing one to many ovules. Within ovules are present highly reduced female gametophytes termed embryosacs. The embryo-sac formation is preceded by meiosis. Hence, each of the cells of an embryo-sac is haploid. Each embryo-sac has a three-celled egg apparatus – one egg cell and two synergids, three antipodal cells and two polar nuclei. The polar nuclei eventually fuse to produce a diploid secondary nucleus. [4]
[Quran]
It’s clearly mentioned in many verses in Quran, that ALLAH states that each fruit comes for a pair of flowers:
وهو الذي مد الارض وجعل فيها رواسي وانهارا ومن كل الثمرات جعل فيها زوجين اثنين يغشي الليل النهار ان في ذلك لايات لقوم يتفكرون
And it is He Who spread out the earth, and placed therein firm mountains and rivers and of every kind of fruits He made Zawjain Ithnaîn (Pair, couple: male & female) He brings the night as a cover over the day. Verily, in these things, there are Ayât (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, etc.) for people who reflect. (13:3)
الذي جعل لكم الارض مهدا وسلك لكم فيها سبلا وانزل من السماء ماء فاخرجنا به ازواجا من نبات شتى
Who has made earth for you like a bed (spread out); and has opened roads (ways and paths etc.) for you therein; and has sent down water (rain) from the sky. And We have brought forth with it various
اولم يروا الى الارض كم انبتنا فيها من كل زوج كريم
Do they not observe the earth, how much of every good
The word used in Quran is “Azwagan” which literally means couple and it’s the same word used to describe a husband and wife in Arabic, so this word means clearly means that fruits are produced by a couple of flowers: male and female, similar to humans.
7- Fruit Flowering:
[Science]
Quoted from – Plant kingdom
Pollination: Pollen grains, after dispersal from the anthers, are carried by wind or various other agencies to the stigma of a pistil. This is termed as pollination.
Fertilization: The pollen grains germinate on the stigma and the resulting pollen tubes grow through the tissues of stigma and style and reach the ovule. The pollen tubes enter the embryo-sac where two male gametes are discharged. One of the male gametes fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote (syngamy). The other male gamete fuses with the diploid secondary nucleus to produce the triploid primary endosperm nucleus (PEN). Because of the involvement of two fusions, this event is termed as double fertilisation, an event unique to angiosperms.
Embryo: The zygote develops into an embryo (with one or two cotyledons) and the PEN develops into endosperm which provides nourishment to the developing embryo. The synergids and antipodals degenerate after fertilisation. During these events the ovules develop into seeds and the ovaries develop into fruit. [5]
[Quran]
The following verse describes the knowledge of ALLAH:
اليه يرد علم الساعة وما تخرج من ثمرات من اكمامها وما تحمل من انثى ولا تضع الا بعلمه ويوم يناديهم اين شركائي قالوا اذناك ما منا من شهيد
Unto Him is referred (all) knowledge of the Hour. And no fruits burst forth from their
Mentioning that not even a fruit that comes out of its sleeves, represent the process that is explained above, with giving the name of “Sleeves” in plural to the ovary walls and integuments walls of the flower and which both has exactly the same shape with one opening only, as shown below.
8- Plants Germination :
[Science]
Quoted from - Outline the metabolic processes:
The Stages of Metabolic processes:
- Absorption of Water
- Plant hormone called gibberellin (gibberellic acid) is produced in the cotyledons of the seeds.
- Gibberellin stimulates the production of amylase. Amylase catalyzes the digestion of starch into maltose.
- Maltose is transported to grow plant in different regions of seedling including embryo root and the embryo shoot.
- Maltose is hydrolysed into glucose
- used in aerobic cell respiration as a source of energy
- used to synthesize cellulose (which is necessary to produce the cell wall of new cells) or substances needed for growth.
[Quran]
The above complicated process is described in the following verse:
محمد رسول الله والذين معه اشداء على الكفار رحماء بينهم تراهم ركعا سجدا يبتغون فضلا من الله ورضوانا سيماهم في وجوههم من اثر السجود ذلك مثلهم في التوراة ومثلهم في الانجيل كزرع اخرج شطاه فازره فاستغلظ فاستوى على سوقه يعجب الزراع ليغيظ بهم الكفار وعد الله الذين امنوا وعملوا الصالحات منهم مغفرة واجرا عظيما
Muhammad (SAW) is the Messenger of Allâh, And those who are with him are severe against disbelievers, and merciful among themselves. You see them bowing and falling down prostrate (in prayer), seeking Bounty from Allâh and (His) Good Pleasure. The mark of them (i.e. of their Faith) is on their faces (foreheads) from the traces of prostration (during prayers). This is their description in the Taurât (Torah). But their description in the Injeel (Gospel) is like a (sown) seed which sends forth its shoot (seed), then
Let’s match what is mentioned above in Science part and this verse:
In step C – The plan sends out its cotyledons, the Quran mentions it sends forth its shoot (its seeds that will grow its first green part later), that is the cotyledon too.
In step D – Cotyledon produces à Plant hormone called gibberellins which stimulates the production of à amylase à which catalyzes the digestion of starch into maltose.
[Quran] explains all this in one word “Azaraho”, assists the plant, and this verb (in Arabic) is used when small one helps or supports the big one, means after the plant sends out its the cotyledon (i.e. the smaller part), it will assist the plant (i.e. the bigger part) to grow more by producing this hormone “gibberellins”.
In Step E- Maltose is transported to àgrow embryo root and the shoot, used in aerobic cell respiration as a source of energy, used to synthesize cellulose which produces the cell wall of new cells or substances needed for growth.
[Quran] explains this by mentioning that this assistance from Cotyledon had caused the plant to become thick and this due to the help of Maltose, then the plant stands up straight on its stem as shown in last step.
Let’s see the process in slow motion in the following video too:
Time-lapse Phaseolus Runner Bean. Hypogeal germination
9- Olive Oil
[Science]
Quoted from – Unsaturated Fat
Unsaturated fat is a form of fat that is liquid at ordinary temperatures. Its counterpart is saturated fat, which retains a more solid form. While fats have a bad reputation among the general public, they are in fact essential to bodily health, providing protection for vulnerable parts of the body, maintaining warmth in the system, disseminating vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K, helping to keep the hair and skin healthy, and acting as storehouses of energy. Fats can also lead to increased levels of cholesterol and heart disease, and possibly cancer and weight gain as well. These dangers tend to be more associated with saturated fats, however, and experts routinely advise that a sensible daily dosage of unsaturated fat can be highly beneficial.
Common unsaturated fats are derived from oily fish such as herring, tuna, sardines, and salmon; as well as from vegetable oils and nuts. All of these can help to provide certain fatty acids (specifically, omega-3 and omega-6) that the body cannot synthesize on its own. These acids are thought to reduce risk of heart disease and to enhance memory and other mental functions--hence, the popular perception of fish as “brain food." [7]
In the following table, it shows how much fat in Olive oil, it’s very clear that it has very low in Saturated fats but the highest in the Monounsaturated fat: [8]
[Quran]
The following verse is talking about the blessed tree in Sinai, referring to the Olive Oil tree:
وَشَجَرَةً تَخْرُجُ مِن طُورِ سَيْنَاءَ تَنبُتُ بِالدُّهْنِ وَصِبْغٍ لِّلْآكِلِين
And a tree (olive) that springs forth from Mount Sinai, that grows (produces)
The verse didn’t mention the Olive tree as producing oil but fat (Duhun), and this word really astonished muslims interpreters, but now after knowing that Olive Oil consists of high level of unsaturated fat, the meaning and the miracle of Quran is shown.
The second part, is using the oil as “paint” for the eaters, the word “Subgh” is translated as relish for the eaters, but the correct meaning is paint, which is true if looking to the Olive oil role and since it’s carry high level of unsaturated fat to fight the Cholesterol in blood artery, as if it’s painting it from inside and renewing it, and this mostly the meaning of “subgh” paint for the eaters (ALLAH knows better).
10- The Palms Kinds
[Science]
Quoted from Wikipedia - Arecaceae
Palms are a monophyletic group of plants, meaning that the group consists of a common ancestor and all its descendants.
Coryphoideae is the most diverse subfamily and is a paraphyletic group, meaning that all members of the group share a common ancestor but the group does not include all the ancestor's descendants. Most palms in this subfamily have palmately lobed leaves and solitary flowers with three, sometimes four carpels.
Currently, few extensive phylogenetic studies of Arecaceae exist. In 1997, Baker et al. explored subfamily and tribe relationships using chloroplast DNA from 60 genera from all subfamilies and tribes. The results strongly showed that Calamoideae is monophyletic, and that Ceroxyloideae and Coryphoideae are paraphyletic. The relationships of Arecoideae are uncertain but it is possibly related to Ceroxyloideae and Phytelephantoideae. Studies have suggested that the lack of a fully resolved hypothesis for the relationships within the family is due to a variety of factors including difficulties in selecting appropriate outgroups, homoplasy in morphological character states, slow rates of molecular evolution important for the use of standard DNA markers, and character polarization. [9]
[Quran]
As explained above that all palms species or groups may have the same ancestor and some are not, and they are divided into main groups: monophyletic and paraphyletic.
The following verse talks about the Palms trees and say that:
وفي الارض قطع متجاورات وجنات من اعناب وزرع ونخيل صنوان وغير صنوان يسقى بماء واحد ونفضل بعضها على بعض في الاكل ان في ذلك لايات لقوم يعقلون
And in the earth are neighbouring tracts, and gardens of vines, and green crops (fields), and date-palms,
The word used is “Senwan” which means have the same ancestor like father and uncle both have the same ancestor which is the grandfather. And some of the palms are not “Senwan” means doesn’t have the same ancestor, which exactly as explained above that not all the palms have the same ancestor and they are mostly divided into 2 main groups.
11- Wheat Grain
[Quran]
Allah gives example about the people who spend their wealth in the way of ALLAH, as following:
مثل الذين ينفقون اموالهم في سبيل الله كمثل حبة انبتت سبع سنابل في كل سنبلة مائة حبة والله يضاعف لمن يشاء والله واسع عليم
The likeness of those who spend their wealth in Allah's way is as the likeness of a grain which groweth seven ears, in every ear a hundred grains. Allah giveth increase manifold to whom He will. Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing. [2:261]
But, the question here does the Wheat grain really can grow to give hundreds of grains (i.e. 7 ears x 100 = 700) from one grain?
Referring to the “History of a Grain of Wheat”, Daily Southern Cross, Volume XVIII, Issue 1471, 24 January 1862, Page 5 [10], shows an experiment to increase wheat production by planting seeds from finest ears:
As shown that from a finest grain seed, they were able to produce even 52 Ears with 123 grains each, and this shows that above verse is really a practical case for producing from finest wheat grain and it’s not imaginary or exaggerating example.
12- Wine Damage (Cirrhosis)
Quoted from: Cirrhosis Overview
Cirrhosis is a chronic (ongoing, long-term) disease of the liver. It means damage to the normal liver tissue that keeps this important organ from working as it should. If the damage is not stopped, the liver gradually loses its ability to carry out its normal functions. This is called liver failure, sometimes referred to as end-stage liver disease.
1- Gastrointestinal bleeding: Portal hypertension causes backing up of blood flow in the veins of the stomach and esophagus. This causes the veins to enlarge, forming "varices" (varicose veins). These varices can tear and bleed, and this bleeding can be life threatening. This usually shows up as vomiting blood.
2- Fluid retention (ascites): High pressures (portal hypertension) force fluid out of blood vessels in your liver, pooling it in your abdomen.
Several liters of this fluid can pool in your abdomen, causing pain, swelling, difficulty breathing, and dehydration. As fluid pools in your abdomen, your kidneys will try to hold onto more water, because they think your body is dehydrated. The excess fluid collects in your lungs, legs, and abdomen. [11]
[Quran]
Allah mentions the following about the Wine in Heaven:
لا فيها غول ولا هم عنها ينزفون
Neither will they have Ghoul from that, nor will they suffer intoxication (Yanzefoun) therefrom. (37:47)
بِأَكْوَابٍ وَأَبَارِيقَ وَكَأْسٍ مِّن مَّعِينٍ (18) لا يُصَدَّعُونَ عَنْهَا وَلا يُنزِفُونَ (19)
With cups, and jugs, and a glass of the flowing wine, (18) Wherefrom they will get neither any aching of the head (yousadoun), nor any intoxication (younzafoun). (56:19)
As the difference between the wine in this life and in heaven, ALLAH mentions 3 differences in Heaven Wine than our life wine, that:
- It has no "Ghoul".
- Their drinkers in heaven will not have “splits” (La yousadoun).
- Their drinkers in heaven will not be “dried” (La younzafoun).
If we see the meaning of the Al-Ghoul, is everything that causes the loss of mind which is technically the Alcohol, as explained from thefreedictionary.com.
والغُول كل شيء ذهب بالعقل
Quoted from dictionary:
"Word History: The al- in alcohol may alert some readers to the fact that this is a word of Arabic descent,.. Arabic chemists also used al-kul to refer to other substances such as essences that were obtained by distillation, a sense first found for English alcohol in 1672. One of these distilled essences, known as "alcohol of wine," is the constituent of fermented liquors that causes intoxication." [12]
The Meaning of 2 words: Yousadoun cames from Sada’a which means the scars, and Yanzefoun which comes from Yanzef which means to be dried, like a well that had lost its water, and it’s comes also as bleeding.
الصَّدْعُ: الشَّقُّ في الشيءِ الصُّلْبِ كالزُّجاجةِ والحائِطِ وغيرهما، وجمعه صُدُوعٌ؛ قال قيس ابن ذريح: أَيا كَبِداً طارتْ صُدُوعاً نَوافِذاً. نزَفْت ماء البئر نَزْفاً إذا نزحْته كله. وأَنزَفَت هي: نزَحت وذهب ماؤه
In Conclusion:
ALLAH describes the Wine of Heaven, has no alcohol (Al-ghoul), therefore it will not cause scares in human levers not causing them to be dried off, or bleeding which all are symptoms of Cirrhosis, lever damage disease due to alcohol drinking.
Thanks to ALLAH, Lord of the Worlds.
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References:
1- Kingdom Plantae Systematics, Evolution of Plants, Ref: http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Tree_of_Life/KingdomPlantae.htm
2- Answers.com, What does rain water contains?, http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_does_rain_water_contain
3- Kingdom of Plants Charts, http://11biology.blogspot.com/2010/03/kingdom-plantae.html
4- Biology 10, Vascular Plants: Flowering - Angiosperms http://bilingualbiology10.blogspot.com/2010/12/vascular-plants-flowering-angiosperms.html
5- Excellup, Plant Kingdom, Ref: http://www.excellup.com/InterBiology/plantkingdom.aspx
6- 935 Outline the metabolic processes, http://12knights.pbworks.com/w/page/25610401/935-Outline-the-metabolic-processes
7- The Diet Channel, Unsaturated - Fat:General info, http://www.thedietchannel.com/Unsaturated-Fat.htm
8- Wikipedia – Olive Oil, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_oil#Phenolic_content
9- Wikipedia – Arecaceae, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae
10- “History of a Grain of Wheat”, Daily Southern Cross, Volume XVIII, Issue 1471, 24 January 1862, Page 5, http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=DSC18620124.2.21
11- e-medicine-health, Cirrhosis, http://www.emedicinehealth.com/cirrhosis/article_em.htm
12- The freedictionary.com, alcohol, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/alcohol
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